ISS Previous Year Paper 2025 GS Solution Question 1(e) (e) What were the differences between moderates and extremists in the Indian National Movement? Answer: The Moderates and Extremists represented two different approaches within the Indian National Congress during the early phase of the national movement. The Moderates, including Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Pherozeshah Mehta, believed in constitutional and peaceful methods. They used petitions, resolutions,

ISS Previous Year Paper 2025 GS Solution Question 1(d) (d) Review how far Aurangzeb was responsible for the disintegration of the Mughal Empire. Give reasons for your answer. Answer: Aurangzeb's policies contributed significantly to the weakening of the Mughal Empire, but he cannot be regarded as the sole cause of its disintegration. His prolonged Deccan campaigns against the Marathas and Deccan states exhausted the imperial treasury and overstretched the Mughal army. The ann

ISS Previous Year Paper 2025 GS Solution Question 1(c) (c) Assess the administrative and the cultural achievements of the Chola Empire. Answer: The Cholas established one of the most powerful and efficiently administered kingdoms of medieval South India. The king was the supreme authority, assisted by ministers and officials. The empire was divided into administrative units such as mandalams, valanadus, nadus and villages. A major achievement was the development of local self

ISS Previous Year Paper 2025 GS Solution Question 1(b) (b) Analyze the socio-economic conditions during the Gupta Age. Answer: The Gupta Age witnessed important social and economic developments and is often associated with prosperity, although conditions varied across regions and social groups. Society was organized largely around the varna system, which became more rigid. Brahmanas enjoyed high status, while numerous jatis developed due to occupational and social differentia

ISS Previous Year Paper 2025 GS Solution Question 1(a) (a) Discuss the reasons for the phenomenal growth of Buddhism in Ancient Period. Answer: Buddhism emerged in the sixth century BCE and spread rapidly because it responded effectively to the social and religious conditions of the time. The growing complexity of Vedic rituals, expensive sacrifices and dominance of the priestly class created dissatisfaction among common people. Buddhism rejected ritualism and emphasized ethi

What do you understand by tax havens? Explain how they promote corruption in India.

Explain the reasons for political turmoil among middle-level castes in recent times seeking OBC reservations in India.

What are the differences between Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers? Discuss.

Changing Scenario of Pulses Cultivation and Production in India

Discuss the impact of Information Technology in the Industrial Revolution of India.

Question What are Western Disturbances and Westerlies, and how are they different from monsoons? In which part of India are they mainly confined? ISS PREVIOUS YEAR GS 2016 Q.NO. 2(b)

What is Polar Shifting? Discuss its geographic significance with regard to catastrophic consequences on humanity.

ISS PREVIOUS YEAR GS 2016 Q.NO. 5 What does Yoga represent in Indian philosophical tradition? Is it the same as that practised by the masses in the present day?

The division of India into provinces and the evolution of a system of provincial administration by Akbar was an effective system of governance. Comment.

Discuss the role of intellectuals in giving shape to the nationalism in India during the freedom struggle.

Intellectuals played a crucial role in shaping and spreading nationalism in India during the freedom struggle. They provided ideological foundations, mobilized public opinion, and inspired people to challenge British colonial rule.

Both Subhas Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi launched struggles against the British during the Second World War. How were their ideas and strategies different?