Discuss the role of intellectuals in giving shape to nationalism in India during the freedom struggle. (Approx. 200 words) iss previous year

ISS PREVIOUS YEAR - GS 2016

Question:- Discuss the role of intellectuals in giving shape to nationalism in India during the freedom struggle. (Approx. 200 words)

Answer:-

Intellectuals played a crucial role in shaping and spreading nationalism in India during the freedom struggle. They provided ideological foundations, mobilized public opinion, and inspired people to challenge British colonial rule.

One of the earliest contributions came from thinkers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, who promoted social reform, modern education, and rational thinking. His efforts laid the groundwork for a new political consciousness among Indians. Later, leaders such as Dadabhai Naoroji developed the Drain of Wealth Theory, exposing the economic exploitation of India by the British and strengthening nationalist sentiments.

Intellectuals also used literature, newspapers, and public speeches to awaken political awareness. Bal Gangadhar Tilak used newspapers like Kesari to promote the idea of Swaraj and mobilize the masses. Similarly, Rabindranath Tagore and Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay inspired nationalism through literature; Bankim’s song “Vande Mataram” became a powerful symbol of national unity.

Educational institutions and political organizations formed by intellectuals helped spread modern political ideas such as liberty, equality, and self-governance. Their writings and debates created a national identity that transcended regional and cultural differences.

Thus, intellectuals were instrumental in awakening national consciousness and guiding the ideological direction of India’s freedom movement.