Bus Topology Concept Explained | Statistics Paper-1 (Computer Application & Data Processing)

The Indian Statistical Service Examination 2025 tested not only core statistics but also fundamental concepts from Computer Application and Data Processing. One such conceptual question appeared in:

• Year: 2025

• Set: A

• Question Number: 31

• Paper: Statistics Paper-1

• Section: Computer Application and Data Processing

  
  

Let us carefully analyze the question.

The Question

Q31. In which of the following topology, all the nodes are connected to a single backbone cable?

(a) Mesh

(b) Star

(c) Hybrid

(d) Bus

Correct Answer: (d) Bus

Detailed Explanation

The keyword in the question is:

“Single backbone cable”

This phrase directly points toward Bus Topology.

What is Bus Topology?

In Bus Topology, all computers (nodes) are connected to one main communication cable known as the backbone cable.

How it works:

• A single central cable connects all nodes.

• When a node sends data, the signal travels along the backbone.

• Every node receives the signal.

• Only the intended receiver accepts and processes the data.

  
  

If the backbone cable fails, the entire network collapses.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect?

(a) Mesh Topology

• Every node connects directly to every other node.

• No single backbone cable exists.

  
  

(b) Star Topology

• All nodes connect to a central hub or switch.

• Communication passes through the hub, not through a backbone cable.

  
  

(c) Hybrid Topology

• Combination of two or more topologies.

• Does not represent a specific backbone structure.

  
  

Concept Comparison Table

Topology	Structure	Backbone Cable?
Mesh	All-to-all connections	No
Star	Central hub device	No
Hybrid	Mixed topology	No
Bus	Single main cable	Yes

Why This Question Is Important for ISS Aspirants

Although ISS is a statistics-heavy exam, basic computer fundamentals are equally important in Paper-1. UPSC often asks:

• Conceptual definitions

• Structural characteristics

• Fundamental IT/networking knowledge

• Terminology-based MCQs

  
  

This question tests:

• Concept clarity

• Basic networking structure understanding

• Ability to identify defining characteristics

  
  

Additional Insights on Bus Topology

Advantages of Bus Topology

Bus topology has several advantages that make it a popular choice for small networks:

1. Cost-Effective: Setting up a bus topology is generally cheaper than other topologies. It requires less cable and fewer networking devices.

2. Easy to Install: The installation process is straightforward. You only need to connect all nodes to the central cable.

3. Simple to Understand: The concept of bus topology is easy to grasp, making it ideal for beginners in networking.

   
   

Disadvantages of Bus Topology

Despite its advantages, bus topology also has some drawbacks:

1. Limited Cable Length: The length of the bus cable limits the number of nodes that can be connected. Longer cables can lead to signal degradation.

2. Network Failure: If the backbone cable fails, the entire network goes down. This makes troubleshooting more challenging.

3. Performance Issues: As more nodes are added, network performance can degrade. This is due to increased traffic on the shared cable.

   
   

Applications of Bus Topology

Bus topology is often used in specific scenarios:

• Small Networks: Ideal for small offices or homes where the number of devices is limited.

• Temporary Networks: Useful for temporary setups, such as events or exhibitions, where a quick installation is needed.

• Testing Environments: Often used in testing environments where simplicity and cost-effectiveness are priorities.

  
  

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding bus topology is crucial for anyone preparing for the ISS exam. It not only tests your knowledge of networking concepts but also helps you grasp the fundamental principles of data communication.

✔ Bus Topology is a vital concept that every aspiring statistician should understand.