ISS Previous Year Paper 2019 GS Solution Question 2(b) Ambient Air Quality in Indian Megacities

ISS Previous Year Paper 2019 GS Solution Question 2(b) Ambient Air Quality in Indian Megacities. Detailed answer discussing the deteriorating air quality and major sources of air pollution in urban India.

ISS Previous Year Paper 2019 GS Solution Question 2(b) Ambient Air Quality in Indian Megacities

ISS Previous Year Paper 2019 GS Solution Question

Q.2(b) Discuss the ambient air quality in Indian megacities. What are the major sources of air pollution?

Answer : The ambient air quality in many Indian megacities has deteriorated significantly over the past few decades. Cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, and Hyderabad often experience high concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and other harmful pollutants.

One of the primary sources of air pollution is vehicular emissions. The rapid increase in the number of automobiles has led to higher emissions of pollutants, particularly in densely populated urban areas.

Industrial activities also contribute substantially to air pollution. Factories, thermal power plants, refineries, and construction activities release large quantities of particulate matter and toxic gases into the atmosphere.

Another significant source is construction and road dust, which increases the concentration of suspended particulate matter. Open burning of waste and biomass further aggravates air quality problems.

In northern India, crop residue burning (stubble burning) in neighboring states contributes to seasonal spikes in pollution levels, especially during winter.

Meteorological conditions such as low wind speed and temperature inversion worsen pollution by trapping pollutants near the surface.

Poor air quality has serious health impacts, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and reduced life expectancy. Therefore, effective pollution control measures and sustainable urban planning are essential.

Conclusion

Air pollution in Indian megacities is a complex environmental challenge driven by multiple sources. Reducing emissions from transport, industries, and other polluting activities is crucial for improving air quality and protecting public health.